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Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

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Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 37 (Spring 2008)

CRIMINOLOGY
LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES: International Law

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 36 (2007)

The goal of Crime and Justice, Volume 36 is to advance the
understanding of the determinants of penal policies in developed countries.
The contributors explore the distinctive national differences in policy
responses to rising crime rates, rapid social change, economic dislocation
and increased ethnic diversity. Countries covered include Great Britain, the Netherlands,
Belgium, Scandinavia, Canada, Japan, France, Norway and the United States.

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry and Catrien Bijleveld

Volume 35 (2007)

Since 1979, the Crime and Justice series has presented international
crime-related research to enrich the work of sociologists, psychologists,
criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists.
The eleven essays in Volume 35 provide the first English-language
survey of the Dutch criminal justice system, which has been the
basis for many important international research initiatives,
including many in the United States. Topics covered include
Dutch tolerance of drugs, prostitution, and euthanasia; organized crime
in the Netherlands; sex offenders and sex offending; and juvenile delinquency.

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 34 (2006)

Since 1979, the Crime and Justice series has presented international
crime-related research to enrich the work of sociologists, psychologists,
criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists.
Volume 34 covers criminal justice issues with a careful balance
of research, theory, and practice. It offers an interdisciplinary approach
to core issues in criminology, with perspectives from biology,
law, psychology, ethics, history, and sociology.

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington

Volume 33 (2004)

The eight essays in this volume provide comprehensive up-to-date
summaries of crossnational crime trends in Australia, Canada, England,
Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.
Contributors include Carlos Carcach, Brandon Welsh,
Mark Irving, Darrick Jolliffe, Catrien C. J. H. Bijleveld,
Paul R. Smit, David J. Smith, Per-Olaf H. Wikström,
Martin Killias, Phillipe Lamon, Marcelo F. Aebi, and Patrick A. Langan.

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 32 (2004)

Since 1979 the Crime and Justice series has presented important developments in the criminal justice system that enhance the work of sociologists, psychologists, criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists. Crime and Justice offers an interdisciplinary approach to core issues in criminology, with perspectives from biology, law, psychology, ethics, history, and sociology.

Volume 32 covers criminal justice issues, with a careful balance of research, theory, and practice. Topics in this volume include: environmental crime, the effects of wrongful imprisonment, the assessment of macro-level predictors and theories of crime, ethnic differences in intergenerational crime patterns, sentencing guidelines in Minnesota from 1978 to 2003, and the results of five decades of neutralization research.

Contributors:
Heith Copes
Francis T. Cullen
Richard S. Frase
Adrian Grounds
Shadd Maruna
Travis C. Pratt
Aaron S. Routhe
Neal Shover
David J. Smith

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Understanding the Effects of Wrongful Imprisonment
Adrian T. Grounds

Ethnic Differences in Intergenerational Crime Patterns
David J. Smith

Sentencing Guidelines in Minnesota, 1978-2003
Richard S. Frase

Excuses, Excuses: What Have We Learned From Five Decades of Neutralization Research?
Shadd Maruna and Heith Copes

Environmental Crime
Neal Shover and Aaron S. Routhe

Assessing Macro-Level Predictors and Theories of Crime: A Meta-Analysis
Travis C. Pratt and Francis T. Cullen

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 31 (2004)



Preface	vii
Varieties of Youth Justice Anthony N. Doob and Michael Tonry	1
Youth Justice in Great Britain Anthony Bottoms and James Dignan	21
Youth Justice in Canada Anthony N. Doob and Jane B. Sprott	185
Youth Justice in New Zealand Allison Morris	243
Youth Justice in Netherlands Josine Junger-Tas	293
Youth Justice in Denmark Britta Kyusgaard	349
Youth Justice in Sweden Carl-Gunnar Janson	391
Youth Justice in Germany Hans-Jörg Albrecht	443
Public Opinion and Youth Justice Julian V. Roberts	495
Restoration in Youth Justice Lode Walgrave	543
Author Index	599
Subject Index	613

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry


Volume 30 (2003)

Preface	vii
Women's Imprisonment Candace Kruttschnitt and Rosemary Gartner	1
Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime Manuel Eisner	83
Sentence Severity and Crime: Accepting the Null Hypothesis Anthony N. Doob and Cheryl Marie Webster	143
International Trafficking in Stolen Vehicles Ronald V. Clarke and Rick Brown	197
Labor Racketeering: The Mafia and the Unions James B. Jacobs and Ellen Peters	229
Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Effective Rule of Law Tom R. Tyler	283
The Criminal Career Paradigm Alex R. Piquero, David P. Farrington, and Alfred Blumstein	359
Author Index--Volumes 1-30	507
Subject Index--Volumes 1-30	511
Title Index--Volumes 1-30	517
Volume Index--Volumes 1-30	523

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 29 (2002)

Preface	vii
After the Epidemic: Recent Trends in Youth Violence in the United States Philip J. Cook and John H. Laub	1
Counting the Cost of Sentencing in North Carolina, 1980-2000 Ronald F. Wright	39
Explaining Deviance by Adolescent Females Nadine Lanctôt and Marc Le Blanc	113
The Effects of Miranda v. Arizona: “Embedded” in Our National Culture? George C. Thomas III and Richard A. Leo	203
Stalking Paul E. Mullen and Michele Pathé	273
The Illegal Supply of Firearms Anthony A. Braga, Philip J. Cook, David M. Kennedy, and Mark H. Moore	319

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 28:(2001)

Preface	vii
Understanding Desistance from Crime John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson	1
Sentencing Reform in the Other Washington David Boerner and Roxanne Lieb	71
Firearms Regulation: A Historical Overview Michael A. Bellesiles	137
The Construct of Psychopathy Grant T. Harris, Tracey A. Skilling, and Marnie E. Rice	197
Private Prisons Richard Harding	265
Measuring the Economic Benefits of Developmental Prevention Programs Daniel S. Nagin	347
The Purposes, Practices, and Problems of Supermax Prisons Leena Kurki and Norval Morris	385

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 27:(2000)

Preface	vii
Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections Francis T. Cullen/Bonnie S. Fisher/Brandon K. Applegate	1
Juvenile Offenders in the Adult Criminal Justice System Donna Bishop	81
Crime and Public Transport Martha J. Smith and Ronald V. Clarke	169
Restorative and Community Justice in the United States Leena Kurki	235
Monetary Costs and Benefits of Crime Prevention Programs Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington	305
Gun Self-Defense and Deterrence Jens Ludwig	363
What Recent Studies Do (and Don't) Tell Us about Imprisonment and Crime William Spelman	419

Prisons,

edited by Michael Tonry and Joan Petersilia

Volume 26 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 26:(1999)

Preface	vii
American Prisons at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century Michael Tonry and Joan Petersilia	1
Population Growth in the U.S. Prisons, 1980-1996 Alfred Blumstein and Allen J. Beck	17
Understanding Prison Policy and Population Trends Theodore Caplow and Jonathan Simon	63
Collateral Consequences of Imprisonment for Children, Communities, and Prisoners John Hagan and Ronit Dinovitzer	121
Prison Management Trends, 1975-2025 Chase Riveland	163
Interpersonal Violence and Social Order in Prisons Anthony E. Bottoms	205
Prison Suicide and Prisoner Coping Alison Liebling	283
Adult Correctional Treatment Gerald G. Gates, Timothy J. Flanagan, Laurence L. Motiuk, and Lynn Stewart	361
Medical Care in Prisons Douglas C. McDonald	427
Parole and Prisoner Reentry in the United States Joan Petersilia	479

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 25:(1999)

Preface	vii
Restorative Justice: Assessing Optimistic and Pessimistic Accounts John Braithwaite	1
Cosa Nostra: The Final Chapter? James B. Jacobs and Lauryn P. Gouldin	129
Murder in America: A Historian's Perspective Roger Lane	191
Crime and Work Jeffrey Fagan and Richard B. Freeman	225
The Self-Report Methodology in Crime Research Josine Junger-Tas and Ineke Haen Marshall	291

Youth Violence,

edited by Michael Tonry and Mark H. Moore.

Volume 24:(1998)

Preface	vii
Youth Violence in America Mark H. Moore and Michael Tonry	1
The Unprecedented Epidemic in Youth Violence Philip J. Cook and John H. Laub	27
The Social Ecology of Youth Violence Elijah Anderson	65
Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities Jeffrey Fagan and Deanna L. Wilkinson	105
Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems' Responses to Youth Violence Barry C. Feld	189
Prevention of Youth Violence James C. Howell and J. David Hawkins	263
Curriculum, Culture, and Community: The Challenge of School Violence David C. Anderson	317
Gang Violence in the Postindustrial Era John M. Hagedorn	365
Predictors, Causes, and Correlates of Male Youth Violence David P. Farrington	421
Toward a Jurisprudence of Youth Violence Franklin E. Zimring	477

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 23:(1998)

Preface	vii
Criminal Deterrence Research at the Outset of the Twenty-First Century Daniel S. Nagin	1
Sexual Predators and Social Policy Roxanne Lieb, Vernon Quinsey, and Lucy Berliner	43
Developmental Criminology Updated Marc Le Blanc and Rolf Loeber	115
Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines Michael Tonry	199
Juvenile Crime and Violence in Europe Christian Pfeiffer	255
Excusing and the New Excuse Defenses: A Legal and Conceptual Review Stephen F. Morse	329
Multiple Homicide: Patterns of Serial and Mass Murder James Alan Fox and Jack Levin	407

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 22 (1997):

Preface	ix
Hate Crimes: A Critical Perspective James B. Jacobs and Kimberly A. Potter	1
Crime and Conflict: Homicide in Evolutionary Psychological Perspective Martin Daly and Margo Wilson	51
Advocacy Research and Social Policy Neil Gilbert	101
Probation in the United States Joan Petersilia	149
Gender, Race, and Sentencing Kathleen Daly and Michael Tonry	201
Juvenile Justice: Shoring Up the Foundations Mark H. Moore and Stewart Wakeling	253
The Role of Criminal Record in the Sentencing Process Julian V. Roberts	303
Sentencing Principles in Theory and Practice Richard S. Frase	363

Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration:

Comparative and Cross-National Perspectives

edited by Michael Tonry.

Volume 21:(1997)

Preface	vii
Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration Michael Tonry	1
Ethnic Minorities, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Germany Hans-Jorg Albrecht	31
Ethnic Origins, Crime, and Criminal Justice in England and Wales David J. Smith	101
Immigrants, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Sweden Peter L. Martens	183
Ethnic Minorities and Criminal Justice in the Netherlands Josine Junger-Tas	257
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States Robert J. Sampson and Janet L. Lauritsen	311
Immigrants, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Switzerland Martin Killias	375
Aboriginies and Crime in Australia Roderic Broadhurst	407
Race, Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice in Canada Julian V. Roberts and Anthony N. Doob	469
Nationality, Crime, and Criminal Justice in France Pierre Tournier	523

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 20 (1996):

Foreword	vii
Preface	ix
Penal Communications and the Philosophy of Punishment Antony Duff	1
Intermediate Sanctions Michael Tonry and Mary Lynch	99
Academic Performance and Delinquency Eugene Maguin and Rolf Loeber	145
Crime and Justice in the Criminal Justice and Criminology Literature Ellen G. Cohn and David P. Farrington	265
Theoretical Integration in Criminology Thomas J. Bernard and Jeffrey B. Snipes	301
The Prevalence of Drug Use in the United States Thomas M. Mieczkowski	349

Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention,

edited by Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington.

Volume 19 (1995)

Preface	vii
Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington	1
Community Crime Prevention Timothy Hope	21
Situational Crime Prevention Ronald V. Clarke	91
Developmental Crime Prevention Richard E. Tremblay and Wendy Craig	151
Public Health and Criminal Justice Approaches to Prevention Mark H. Moore	237
Preventing Retail Sector Crimes Joanna Shapland	263
Preventing Substance Abuse J. David Hawkins, Michael W. Arthur, and Richard Catalano	343
Preventing City-Center Street Crimes Per-Olof H. Wikstrom	429
Preventing Repeat Victimization Graham Farrell	469
Implementing Crime Prevention Gloria Laycock and Nick Tilley	535
Evaluating Crime Prevention Paul Ekblom and Ken Pease	585

Beyond the Law: Crime in Complex Organizations,

edited by Michael Tonry and Albert J. Reiss, Jr.

Volume 18 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry (1993):

Preface	vii
Organizational Crime Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Michael Tonry	1
The Nursing Home Industry John Braithwaite	11
Insider Trading Nancy Reichman	55
Industrial Water Pollution Peter Cleary Yeager	97
The Cartage Industry in New York Peter Reuter	149
The Savings and Loan Industry Henry N. Pontell and Kitty Calavita	203
Crime, Justice, and the Savings and Loan Crisis Franklin E. Zimring and Gordon Hawkins	247

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 17 (1993):

Preface	vii
Cross-national Comparisons of Imprisonment Warren Young and Mark Brown	1
Criminal Justic in a Divided Society: Northern Ireland Prisons Brian Gormally, Kieran McEvoy, and David Wall	51
Sentencing Commissions and Their Guidelines Michael Tonry	137
Criminalizing the American Juvenile Court Barry C. Feld	197
Intensive Probation and Parole Joan Petersilia and Susan Turner	281
Design Sensitivity in Criminal Justice Experiments David Weisburd with Anthony Petrosino and Gail Mason	337
Understanding and Preventing Bullying David P. Farrington	381
Understanding Theories of Criminal Victimization Robert F. Meier and Terance D. Miethe	459

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 16 (1992):

Preface	vii
Auto Theft and Its Prevention Ronald V. Clarke and Patricia M. Harris	1
Proportionality in the Philosophy of Punishment Andrew von Hirsch	55
Public Opinion, Crime, and Criminal Justice Julian V. Roberts	99
Sentencing Reform Structures Andrew J. Ashworth	181
Mandatory Penalties Michael Tonry	243
Adjusting to Prison Life Kenneth Adams	275
Private Penal Institutions Douglas C. McDonald	361

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 15 (1992):

Preface	vii
Urban Police and Crime in Nineteenth-Century America Roger Lane	1
Police Organization in the Twentieth Century Albert J. Reiss, Jr.	51
Problem-solving and Community Policing Mark Harrison Moore	99
Attacking Crime: Policing and Crime Control Lawrence W. Sherman	159
Relations between Federal and Local Police William A. Geller and Norval Morris	231
Information Technologies and the Police Peter K. Manning	349
The Relation between Public and Private Policing Clifford D. Shearing	399
Police Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review Robert Reiner	435
Comparative Organization of the Police in English-speaking Countries David H. Bayley	509
History of Urban Police Eric H. Monkkonen	547
Index	581

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry

Volume 14 (1991):

Preface	vii
The Technology of Personal Violence Philip J. Cook	1
Burglary Neal Shover	73
Sociological Perspectives on Punishment David Garland	115
Drug-Control Policies in Britain Geoffrey Pearson	167
Drugs and Drug Policy in the Netherlands Ed Leuw	229
The Motivation of the Persistent Robber Jack Katz	277
Women, Crime, and Penal Responses: A Historical Account Lucia Zedner	307
The Needs and Rights of Victims of Crime Mike Maguire	363

Drugs and Crime,

edited by Michael Tonry and James Q. Wilson.

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 13 (1990):

Preface	ix
Research on Drugs and Crime Michael Tonry	1
Drug Abuse in the Inner City: Impact on Hard-Drug Users and the Community Bruce D. Johnson, Terry Williams, Kojo A. Dei, and Harry Sanabria	9
State and Local Drug Enforcement: In Search of a Strategy Mark A. R. Kleiman and Kerry D. Smith	69
Supply Reduction and Drug Law Enforcement Mark H. Moore	109
Drugs and Consensual Crimes: Drug Dealing and Prostitution Dana E. Hunt	159
Drugs and Predatory Crime Jan M. Chaiken and Marcia R. Chaiken	203
Intoxication and Aggression Jeffrey Fagan	241
Drug Testing by the Criminal Justice System: Methods, Research, and Applications Eric D. Wish and Bernard A. Gropper	321
Treatment of Drug Abuse M. Douglas Anglin and Yih-Ing Hser	393
Substance Abuse Prevention: Theory, Practice, and Effectiveness Gilbert J. Botvin	461
Drugs and Crime James Q. Wilsom	521
Author Index	547
Subject Index	677

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 12 (1990):

Preface	vii
Police Crackdowns: Initial and Residual Deterrence Lawrence W. Sherman	1
Fines and Day Fines Sally T. Hillsman	49
The Neuropsychology of Juvenile Delinquency: A Critical Review Terrie E. Moffitt	99
Youth Gangs: Continuity and Change Irving A. Spergel	171
Crime Placement, Displacement, and Deflection Robert Barr and Ken Pease	277
Parole in Transition: A Comparaitve Study of Origins, Developments, and Prospects for the 1990s A. Keith Bottomley	319
Toward a Developmental Criminology Rolf Loeber and Marc Le Blanc	375

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 11 (1989):

Preface	vii
Family Violence in Perspective Lloyd Ohlin and Michael Tonry	1
Criminal Approaches to Family Violence, 1640-1980 Elizabeth Pleck	19
The Explanation of Family Violence: The Role of Biological, Behavioral, and Cultural Selection Robert L Burgess and Patricia Draper	59
Family Violence Research Methodology and Design Joseph G. Weis	117
Violence in Marriage Irene Hanson Frieze and Angela Browne	163
The Incidence and Prevalence of Child Maltreatment James Garbarino	219
The Incidence and Prevalence of Criminal Abuse of Other Family Members Mildred Daley Pagelow	263
Intrafamily Violence, and Crime and Violence outside the Family Gerald T. Hotaling and Murray A. Straus with Alan J. Lincoln	315
Cessation of Family Violence: Deterrence and Dissuasion Jeffrey Fagan	377
Criminal Justice Procedures in Family Violence Crimes Delbert S. Elliott	427
Treatment Programs for Family Violence Daniel G. Saunders and Sandra T. Azar	481
Toward a Jurisprudence of Family Violence Franklin E. Zimring	547
Author Index	571
Subject Index	591

Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 10 (1988):

Introduction	vii
Theme and Variation in Community Policing Jerome H. Skolnick and David H. Bayley	1
Community Organizations and Crime Wesley G. Skogan	39
The British Gas Suicide Story and Its Criminological Implications Ronald V. Clarke and Pat Mayhew	79
Co-offending and Criminal Careers Albert J. Reiss, Jr.	117
The Law and Criminology of Drunk Driving James B. Jacobs	171
Prison Population: A System Out of Control? Alfred Blumstein	231
Structuring Sentencing Michael Tonry	267
Author Index--Volumes 1-10	339
Title Index--Volume 1-10	341

Prediction and Classification: Criminal Justice Decision Making,

edited by Don M. Gottfredson and Michael Tonry.

Volume 9 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (1987):

Preface	vii
Prediction and Classification in Criminal Justice Decision Making Don M. Gottfredson	1
Prediction: An Overview of Selected Methodological Issues Stephen D. Gottfredson	21
Predicting Individual Crime Rates David P. Farrington	53
Prediction in Criminal Justice Policy Development John S. Goldkemp	103
Guideline-based Justice: Prediction and Racial Minorities Joan Petersilia and Susan Turner	151
Causal Inference as a Prediction Problem Richard A. Berk	183
Classification: An Overview of Selected Methodological Issues Tim Brennan	201
Classification for Risk Daniel Glaser	249
Classification for Treatment Lee Sechrest	293
Classification for Control in Jails and Prisons Tim Brennan	323
Prediction and Classification: Legal and Ethical Issues Michael Tonry	367
Author Index	415
Subject Index	425

Communities and Crime,

edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr. and Michael Tonry.

Volume 8 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (1986):

Preface	vii
Why Are Communities Important in Understanding Crime Albert J. Reiss Jr.	1
Ecological Stability and the Dynamics of Deliquency Robert J. Bursik Jr.	35
Community Careers in Crime Leo Schuerman and Solomon Kobrin	67
Housing Tenure and Residential Community Crime Careers in Britain Anthony E. Bottoms and Paul Wiles	101
Does Gentrification Affect Crime Rates? Scott C. McDonald	163
Fear of Crime and Neighborhood Change Wesley Skogan	203
Economic Conditions, Neighborhood Organization, and Urban Crime Richard M. McGahey	231
Crime in Cities: The Effects of Formal and Informal Social Control Robert J. Sampson	271
The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior Douglas A. Smith	313
Policing Communities: What Works? Lawrence W. Sherman	343
Environmental Design, Crime, and Prevention: An Examination of Community Dynamics Ralph B. Taylor and Stephen Gottfredson	387
Index	417

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 7 (1986):

Introduction	vii
The Demand and Supply of Criminal Opportunities Philip J. Cook	1
Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency Rolf Loeber and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber	29
Differences in Criminal Behavior and Court Responses among Juvenile and Young Adult Defendants Peter W. Greenwood	151
Age and Crime David P. Farrington	189
Substantive Contributions of Victimization Surveys Michael R. Gottfredson	251
Risks and Prices: An Economic Analysis of Drug Enforcement Peter Reuter and Mark A. R. Kleiman	289

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 6 (1985):

Introduction	vii
Predictions of Dangrousness Norval Morris and Marc Miller	1
Community Service Orders Ken Pease	51
The Effects of Overcrowding in Prison Gerald G. Gaes	95
Modeling Offenders' Decisions: A Framework for Research and Policy Ronald V. Clarke and Derek B. Cornish	147
Deliquency Careers: Innocents, Desisters, and Persisters Alfred Blumstein, David P. Farrington, and Soumyo Moitra	187
The Turnabout in the Insanity Defense Phillip E. Johnson	221
Criminological Research in Scandinavia Annika Snare and Ulla Bondeson	237

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 5 (1983):

Introduction	vii
Incapacitation as a Strategy for Crime Control: Possibilities and Pitfalls Jacqueline Cohen	1
Prison Labor and Prison Industries Gordon Hawkins	85
Prisons for Women, 1790 - 1980 Nicole Hahn Rafter	129
Sex Offenses and Offending Donald J. West	183
The Organization of Criminological Research:
Australia David Biles	235
Canada Anthony N. Doob	253
Great Britain and the Council of Europe John Croft	265
Netherlands Josine Junger-Tas	281
Federal Republic of Germany Gunther Kaiser	297

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 4 (1983):

Introduction	vii
Violence in School Jackson Toby	1
The Influence of Gun Availability on Violent Crime Patterns Philip J. Cook	49
Gender and Crime: Offense Patterns and Criminal Court Sanctions Ilene H. Nagel and John Hagan	91
Crime and Metnal Disorder: An Epidemiological Approach John Monahan and Henry J. Steadman	145
Attitudes and Policies toward Juvenile Delinquency in the United States: A Historiographical Review Robert M. Mennel	191
Situational Crime Prevention: Its Theoretical Basis and Practical Scope Ronald V. Clarke	225
Randomized Experiments on Crime and Justice David P. Farrington	257

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris

Volume 3 (1981):

Introduction	vii
Surveys of Victimization - An Optimistic Assessment Richard F. Sparks	1
Use and Misuse of Hypnosis in Court Martin T. Orne	61
Eyewitness Testimony: Psychological Research and Legal Thought Elizabeth F. Loftus	105
State, Civil Society, and Total Institutions: A Critique of Recent Social Histories of Punishment Michael Ignatieff	153
Modern Private Security: Its Growth and Implications Clifford D. Shearing and Philip C. Stenning	193
Rights, Utility, and Crime David A. J. Richards	247
Historical Trends in Violent Crimes: A Critical Review of the Evidence Ted Robert Gurr	295

Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,

edited by Norval Morris and Michael Tonry

Volume 2 (1980):

Introduction	vii
Urban Police and Crime in Nineteenth-Century America Roger Lane	1
Crime and Justice in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century England Douglas Hay	45
Biology and Crime Sarnoff A. Mednick and Jan Volavka	85
A Critique of Marxist Criminology Richard F. Sparks	159